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991.
Moiwo Juana Paul 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2006,16(3):229-235
The impact of land-use on distributed groundwater recharge and discharge in the western Jilin (WJ) was analyzed in this study.
WJ is a transitional, semi-arid zone with a fragile, hydrological closed ecosystem in the Songhua River Basin (SRB). The research
tool includes a seamlessly linked MODFLOW, WetSpass, the Seepage packages, and ArcGIS. The model calibration showed good agreement
between simulated water table elevation and measured water table depths, while predicted groundwater discharge zones showed
strong correlations with field occurrences of drainage systems and wetlands. Simulated averages for distributed recharge,
water table elevation and groundwater drawdown were 377.42mm/yr, 194.43m, and 0.18m respectively. Forest vegetation showed
the highest recharge, followed by agricultural farmlands, while open-water and other drainage systems constituted groundwater
exit zones. When present land-use conditions were compared with the hypothetical natural pre-development scenario, an overall
loss of groundwater recharge (24.09mm/yr) was observed, which for the project area is 18.05 × 108m3. Groundwater abstraction seemed to be the cause of water table drawdown, especially in the immediate vicinities of the supply
wells. An important issue of the findings was the ability of the hypothetical forest vegetation to protect, and hence sustain
aquifer reserves and dependent ecosystems. The profound data capture capability of ArcGIS makes it particularly useful in
spatio-temporal hydroecological modeling.
Biography: Moiwo Juana PAUL (1967–), male, a native of Sierra Leone of West Africa, Ph.D. candidate, specialized in wetland
ecology. 相似文献
992.
白垩纪—古近纪(K-Pg)界限时期发生了地质历史中最严重的生物大灭绝事件之一,重建该时期气候演化历史及其对生态系统的影响对理解深时气候演化规律和预测未来气候变化都具有重要意义。相比海相剖面而言,基于陆相剖面的白垩纪—古近纪界限时期古气候重建研究开展较晚,相关成果缺乏系统总结和集成。本文系统回顾了全球陆相白垩纪—古近纪界限剖面的分布情况和事件年代学新进展,总结了基于以上剖面重建的定量古气候记录和德干火山喷发记录,建立了界限时期中纬度陆地年平均温度和大气CO2浓度时间演化序列。陆相剖面分布相对集中且数量较少,中国是该时期陆相剖面发育最多的国家之一,多个盆地已经建立了德干火山喷发记录,在重建该时期陆地气候上具有很大潜力。基于陆相沉积物汞元素地球化学记录表明,德干火山作用导致了晚马斯特里赫特期变暖事件并触发了白垩纪末期生物大灭绝。中纬度陆地年平均温度重建结果显示马斯特里赫特期中期全球经历了～10℃的降温,到马斯特里赫特期晚期德干火山初始喷发前显著升温至～20℃,并在白垩纪—古近纪界限前后发生多次快速波动。尽管65～63 Ma之间陆地温度记录相对缺失,69～65 Ma之间重... 相似文献
993.
In this study, a historic simulation covering the period from 1951 to 2000 and three projected scenario simulations covering 2001-2050 were conducted employing the regional climate model RegCM4 to detect the changes of terrestrial water storage (TWS) in major river basins of China, using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES): A1B, A2, and B1. The historic simulation revealed that the variations of TWS, which are dominated by precipitation in the basins, rely highly on their climatic features. Compared with the historic simulation, the changes of TWS in the scenario simulations showed strong regional differences. However, for all scenarios, TWS was found to increase most in Northeast China and surrounding mountains around the Tibetan Plateau, and decrease most in eastern regions of China. Unlike the low seasonal variations of TWS in arid areas, the TWS showed strong seasonal variations in eastern monsoon areas, with the maximum changes usually occurring in summer, when TWS increases most in a year. Among the three scenario simulations, TWS increased most in Songhua River Basin of B1 scenario, and de- creased most in Pearl River Basin of A2 scenario and Hai River Basin of A1B scenario, accompanied by different annual trends and seasonal variations. 相似文献
994.
太子河作为本溪的主要河流,是本溪工业、农业、生活的主要水源,为了更好的了解太子河本溪城区段的水体情况,以太子河本溪城区段流域为研究对象,基于2017年的平水期（4月）、丰水期（8月）、枯水期（11月）18个监测断面的监测数据,结合太子河本溪城区段的实际情况和特点,利用层次分析法的评价指标体系,对太子河本溪城区段进行水生态系统健康评价。通过比较分析,最终以平水期的评价结果为主,丰水期和枯水期的评价结果为辅。结果表明：仅有22%的监测断面处于健康状态、56%的监测断面处于亚健康状态、22%的监测断面处于一般状态,说明太子河本溪城区段大部分流域处于亚健康状态,水生态系统退化,需要加强管理和治理保护。 相似文献
995.
陆面过程研究是充分理解天气/气候/地球系统过程不可或缺的重要主题。本文全面梳理了当前用于数值天气/气候/地球系统模式的陆面过程模式研制的问题,建议了当前陆面过程模式研制中需加强和改进完善的关键内容。特别强调在新一代模式研发中建立包含人类活动的高分辨率全球陆面过程模式;特别强调与其他学科相结合,形成不同行业的预报预测系统或研究方法和工具。建议建设中国的集模式发展、数据分析、模拟方法、高性能计算、数据可视化和应用示范为一体的陆面模拟综合集成平台,为天气/气候/地球系统模式提供陆面过程模式,为开展精细化的全球和区域陆面水文-气象-生态的预报预测提供科技支撑。 相似文献
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Based on the simulation of a marine ecosystem dynamical model in the Bohai Sea,the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea,chlorophyll data are assimilated to study the spatially varying control parameters (CPs) by using the adjoint method.In this study,the CPs at some grid points are selected as the independent CPs,while the CPs at other grid points can be obtained through linear interpolation with the independent CPs.The independent CPs are uniformly selected from each 30 × 30 area,and we confirm that the optimal influence radius is 1.2° by a twin experiment.In the following experiments,when only the maximum growth rate of phytoplankton (V m) is estimated by two given types of spatially varying CPs,the mean relative errors of V m are 1.22% and 0.94% while the decrease rates of the mean error of chlorophyll in the surface are 94.6% and 95.8%,respectively.When the other four CPs are estimated respectively,the results are also satisfactory,which indicates that the adjoint method has a strong ability of optimizing the prescribed CP with spatial variations.However,when all these five most important CPs are estimated simultaneously,the collocation of the changing trend of each parameter influences the estimation results remarkably.Only when the collocation of the changing trend of each parameter is consistent with the ecological mechanisms which influence the growth of the phytoplankton in marine ecosystem,could the five most important CPs be estimated more accurately. 相似文献
1000.
Informing the management of coastal marine habitats at broad spatial scales is difficult because of the costs associated with collecting and analyzing ecological data at that scale. Spatially explicit assessments of the risk to coastal marine habitats from cumulative threats provide an alternative approach by identifying sites that are exposed to multiple anthropogenic threats at broad scales. In this study, qualitative measures of vulnerability were combined with geospatial data to evaluate the risk to coastal seagrasses at the scale of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) region (∼26,000 km2) of Queensland, Australia. The risk assessment outputs identified agricultural, urban and industrial runoff, and urban and port developments as the major anthropogenic activities threatening coastal seagrasses. ‘Hot spots’ with multiple threat exposure were all in industrial port locations and the southern two-thirds of the GBR. There is a distinct discontinuity in threat exposure along the GBR coast with 98% of seagrass meadows in the northern third exposed to only low levels of anthropogenic risk. The clustering of threat exposure is discussed in terms of coastal management policy. The approach outlined in this study provides management agencies a method of achieving maximum return for minimal investment in data collection at broad spatial scales by identifying sites where management intervention would be best targeted. 相似文献